Everything about ceramic tiles
Today, different coatings are used for floors and walls, but to choose a suitable coating for the floor and walls of your building, you must consider all of them.
Another of the most widely used materials in construction is ceramic tile, which has many types and is used in various parts of a building, including kitchens, bathrooms, courtyards, parking lots and even the facade of buildings, greenhouses and decorative basins.
In general, the positive features of ceramics are high physical resistance and resistance to frost. Another important feature is its fire resistance and that it does not deform in the face of fire, does not change color over time, and is also resistant to sunlight. Ceramic tiles are not much different, the glaze that covers the hard part of the tile and gives it a beautiful shape, can be of different materials, if it is made of ceramic, it is called ceramic tile or ceramic. Of course, in the past, the dimensions of the tiles were smaller than ceramic, but now the tiles are also produced in various dimensions.
Of course, in addition to its application in floors, facades and walls of buildings, ceramics is also used in the production of sanitary ware and construction materials such as decorative and interior decorative bricks, roof tiles, sewer channels and anti-acid pottery.
One of the most important reasons for using tiles in building architecture is that it is hygienic compared to stone, cement and other materials, and the other is that ceramic tiles also insulate against moisture. A good tile should be such that sudden temperature changes between 20 and 100 Do not tolerate the degree well and do not suffer cracks in the body or glaze, otherwise this tile is not of good quality. Tile size, if used for floors and walls, should be produced in dimensions less than 20 × 20 or 10 × 20 to 50 by 50 cm. One of the visual attractions of ceramic tiles is the unparalleled variety of designs and colors that you may even be confused in this regard.
Walls are used to maintain greater hygiene and to protect against moisture in the kitchen, bathroom, toilet and lavatory, as they are much easier to clean than other wall coverings and reduce maintenance costs. The floor is also used in kitchens and bathrooms due to its anti-wear, high thermal and electrical resistance.
Glazed tile is one of the oldest types of tiles that is mostly used for decorative purposes. In Iran, craftsmen used oxides of metals such as tin, copper, cobalt, magnesium and antimony to glaze the tile. This type of tile is used throughout South Asia, North Africa. , Spain and other parts of Europe and China are also produced and used. Italy is also one of the pioneers of this industry. Basically, the reason for glazing tiles is that it has a shiny, smooth, beautiful, waterproof and chemical surface. There is a type of ceramic called miniature that is made in the sizes of 2.5 by 2.5 cm. They have various colors and they are very easy to install and can be used in any place, but their most important use is in swimming pools, saunas and sanitary environments. Ceramic tile manufacturers use soil pressing methods and press the tile material mixture and then glaze it and bake it in a kiln. This is a modern method of preparing ceramic tiles.
One of the types of tiles is porcelain tiles, which are produced in special conditions such as high press pressure and high baking temperature up to about 1250 degrees Celsius, which causes high strength and low water absorption and are stronger than ordinary tiles. These tiles are produced in 40 × 40, 30 ۰ 60, 66 × 33, 60 ۰ 60, 120 × 60 dimensions.
Glazed porcelain tiles, like its glaze, are cast in a new and special way, due to the high quality of its glaze, it has better technical properties than other ceramics.
Porcelain tiles are divided into two categories: polished and unpolished, and their main use is in outdoor spaces such as courtyards, parking lots and building facades, because due to special technical characteristics in spaces exposed to high traffic or changeable weather ( Cold and frost), it is completely resistant and also has less water absorption than other coatings. Compared to natural stone, porcelain tile has a high uniformity and is more resistant to chemicals such as acids and bases. Also, due to its thickness, it is easier to install than stone and imposes less dead load on the building. It is also made of rail and without mortar, so the possible damages are reduced and it is easier to install.
Recently, researchers have succeeded in using silver nanoparticles to produce a type of antibacterial ceramic tile that is very suitable for use in sanitary facilities of the building and prevents the growth of bacteria and fungi. These nanoparticles are combined in ceramic tile glaze and give antibacterial coating to ceramic tiles, and their use in wet places significantly reduces the growth of bacteria and germs.
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